Rivers (Geography): Class 12 Study Notes

Rivers (Geography) study notes, projects, essays, question and answers.

Class 12. Chapter – Drainage.

Q. Classify Indian drainage on the basis of their evolution.
Ans. On the basis of the evolution Indian drainage can be divided into two groups.
A.The Himalayan rivers. B. The peninsular rivers.

Q. Name the major Himalayan rivers of India.
Ans. The three major Himalayan rivers are -The Indus, The ganga, The Brahmaputra.

Q .”The Himalayan rivers are example of antecedent drainage “explain the statement.
Ans. The Himalayan rivers are antecedent, because they have been originated before a period of uplift and folding of the land and continues to cut down its valley at approximately the same rate as the upliftment. They maintain the general pattern. For eg. The Indus, The Brahmaputra etc.

Q. Name and trace the course of the river which is famous for gully erosion and badland topography.
Ans. River Chambal is famous for gully erosion and badland topography. It rises to the south of Vindhya range and flows upto Kota. It turns to North East and easterly direction to join Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh.

Q. The Kaveri river is distinctly different from other peninsular rivers. Why?
Ans. River Kaveri receives water throughout the year. It receives water from southwest monsoon in summer and from retreating monsoon in winter. Thus, it is a perennial river and distinctly different from other peninsular rivers.

Q. Which river of India is known as Dakshin Ganga and why?
Ans. River Godavari of peninsular India is known as Dakshin ganga due to its large size and extent.

Q. Name the longest west flowing river of India and mention it’s source.
Ans. River Narmada is the longest west flowing river which rises near Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh.

Q. Name the Rivers of peninsular India which form estuaries at their mouth and explain the reason.
Ans. River Narmada and Tapti form estuaries at their mouth. These rivers flow swiftly towards the Arabian sea due to steep slope of Western Ghats and narrow coastal plain. They are not able to deposit the sediment carried by them. Thus, they form estuaries.

Q. Name the Rivers of peninsular India forming delta at their mouth.
Ans. River Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri form delta at their mouth before falling into Bay of Bengal.

Q. What do you understand by” Indo-Brahma”?
Ans. …”Indo-Brahma “is the mighty stream which flowed from Assam to Punjab emptied itself into gulf to the western part of Indian subcontinent in Miocene period.

Q. What are the main challenges of Indo-Brahma theory?

Ans. The main challenges are:
1. It is not necessary to imagine, size of Indo-Brahma explains the occurrence of the Siwalik deposits.
2. Depositional history of ganga and Brahmaputra delta does not fit well with the concept of IndoBrahma stream.
3. The evidence of Tipam sandstone deposited in an estuary situated so close to the source of the Indo-Brahma speaks against some the theory
4.The gap between the Raajmahal hills and Shillong plateau has been filled by alluvium. The depositional time is lesser then the thickness of the alluvium. Thus, it is against of Indo-Brahma theory.

Q. Name the tributaries of river indus.
Ans. The five tributaries of river Indus are -The Jhelum, The Chenab, The Ravi, The Beas and The Satluj.

Q. Name the northernmost east flowing river of peninsular India and name any two tributaries.
Ans. River Mahanadi is the northernmost east flowing river of peninsular India. It’s tributaries are Seonath and Jonk.

Q. Name the river known as ‘Sorrow of Bengal ‘.
Ans. River Damodar.

Q. Name the river known as sorrow of Bihar.
Ans. River Kosi.

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