Commercial Studies / Commercial application (Projects, Notes) ICSE Class 10

Commercial Studies / Commercial application (Projects, Notes) ICSE Class 10.

Here’s how the ‘commercial studies’ subject helps ICSE Students:

• To enable students to develop a perceptive, sensitive and critical response to the role of
  business in a global, national and local context.
• To allow students to balance the demands of social parameters with individual aspirations.
• To develop in students an appreciation for the roles of the entrepreneur and the professional manager.
• To help develop a co-operative attitude through study of the organisation and participation associated with commerce and industry.
• To provide an appropriate body of knowledge and understanding, and to develop appropriate skills as a basis for further study or work or both.

Read here for more information.

ICSE COMMERCIAL APPLICATION (ASSIGNMNET)

Grade: 10
TOPIC 1: CASE STUDY
SSDR has established business at the special economic zone in Chennai. Presently, the company is dealing with a one- product line, making anti- bacterial, full- day effective body deodorant, both for men and women. The deodorant is named „Fresh‟ and it is available in five variants namely Magic Musk, Floral, Sensual, Celebration and Allure Sport. Thus, the company provides good choice to its customers. The company has launched their products after a detailed market research. As there is a good competition in the market, the competition based pricing method is adopted but the company provides premium quality so that the buyer gets value for money. The company ensures the availability of their products to as many outlets as possible making it very convenient for the buyers. People can also buy the products online with facilities like cash on delivery and guaranteed one day delivery in selected 300 cities and towns. The company advertises its products on different kinds of media to reach out to a maximum number of people. Their product advertisement is simple yet informative and persuasive. For providing better customer service, the company has set up an improved system of 24 hour customer care that ensures that the callers do not have to wait. With reference to the above:

(a) Identify and briefly explain the basic elements of marketing mix of SSDR Care Ltd.
(b) Enumerate the factors influencing in marketing mix generally followed by the business
enterprise.
(c) Briefly explain the importance of marketing mix.

TOPIC 2: Marketing Mix
Study the product life cycle (PLC) of a new soap in the price range of Rs 50-100.

TOPIC 3: Advertising
Study two different advertisements in any one media (print, television, audio) of the FMCG (fast moving consumer goods) on Beauty products and explain their positive and negative points.

TOPIC 4: Public Relations
Students will read and study a case on the topic and answer the questions based on it.

I.C.S.E. COMMERCIAL STUDIES (Sample QUESTION BANK)

STAKEHOLDERS IN COMMERCIAL ORGANISATION-1
1. Distinguish between stakeholders and shareholders. 2. Distinguish between Primary Stakeholders and Secondary Stakeholders. 3. State any two expectations of employees from a Business concern. 4. How are the needs of shareholders and consumers conflicting? 5. State any two expectations of a Creditor from a business enterprise. 6. What are the expectations of the Government from a business enterprise? 7. Explain the two expectations of internal stakeholder from a business. 8. Explain the expectations of external stakeholders. 9. Distinguish between stakeholders and consumers. 10. “With profits, social welfare should also be considered”. Enumerate this statement with reference to the expectations of general public. 11. What do you mean by stakeholders analysis?
MEANING AND TYPES OF COMMUNICATION-2
12. Define communication. Give its features. 13. Mention elements of communication. 14. What is the relevance of communication for a commercial organisation? 15. Explain the functions of communication. 16. Distinguish between Formal and Informal communication. 17. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of formal and informal communication. 18. Distinguish between Spoken and Written Communication. 19. Explain the main forms of Non-Verbal communication 20. Explain the principles of effective communication. 21. What is “Grapevine”? 22. Explain the following: – (i) Downward Communication (ii) Upward Communication (iii) Horizontal or Lateral Communication (iv)Diagonal Communication
INTERPERSONAL SKILLS IN COMMUNICATION-3 23.
What are the interpersonal skills required for effective communication. 24. Explain the barriers to communication and measures to overcome them.
MARKETING: MEANING AND FUNCTIONS-4
25. Define Marketing. Explain any four objectives of Marketing. 26. Give importance of Marketing. 27. Explain key functions of marketing. (Each function may be asked as a 2 marks question.) 28. Mention any two functions of Product planning. 29. What precautions need to be taken while packaging a product? 30. Distinguish between Standardization and Grading. 31. Mention two advantages of Branding. 32. Explain any five key functions performed by warehouses. 33. Mention two benefits of Packaging. 34. Explain the following–: (i) Marketing Activities of Research. (ii) Marketing Activities of Exchange.
PRODUCT AND SERVICE-5
35. Distinguish between Product and Services. 36. Give difference between a consumer product and industrial product. MARKETING RESEARCH-6 37. What is meant by Market Research? Describe the steps involved in the market research process. 38. Explain methods of Marketing Research. 39. State two limitations of marketing research. 40. How is “Demand Assessment” important to an organisation? 41. Define Market Research Agency. 42. What are the methods of “Assessing Demand”?
ADVERTISING AND SALES PROMOTION-7
43. What is meant by Advertising? Explain two themes of Advertising. 44. Distinguish between Advertising and Publicity. 45. Mention any two objectives of Advertising. Discuss the various media for advertising. 46. What is an Advertising Copy? 47. “Advertising is a social waste”. Discuss. 48. Explain the following–: (i) Audio Visual Advertising. (ii) Advertising Agency. (iii) Sky-Writing. (iv) Free Samples. 2 49. State any five provisions in the code for commercial advertising laid down by ASCI. 50. What are the essentials of a good Advertisement? 51. Explain five factors affecting choice of Media. 52. Define Sales Promotion and its techniques. 53. Distinguish between Sales Promotion and Advertising. 54. What is Brand Promotion? Give two objectives of it. 55. What is Trade Mark? 56. Mention the techniques of brand promotion. 57. Explain the following–: (i) Brand Equity (ii) Brand Loyalty
SALES AND SELLING PROCESS-8
58. Distinguish between Marketing and Sales. 59. Distinguish between Advertising and Personal Selling. 60. Explain the steps in Personal Selling Process. 61. Describe the qualities; a salesman should possess to market a new range of cosmetics. 62. What are Monopolistic Trade Practices? 63. Mention the two trade practices that are considered monopolistic. 64. What are “Restrictive Trade practices”? 65. Define ‘Unfair trade Practices”. 66. Discuss the role of MRTP ACT. 67. Mention the remedies that are available to an aggrieved consumer under the consumer protection act. 68. What was the need for passing the consumer protection act? 69. Define the term consumer as stated under the consumer protection act. 70. What are the rights of a consumer under the consumer protection act? 71. Explain the three tier redressal machinery provided by the consumer protection act for the redressal of consumer’s grievances. CAPITAL AND REVENUE EXPENDITURE/INCOME-9
72. Distinguish between capital expenditure and revenue expenditure with examples. 73. Give five revenue expenditure item treated as capital expenditure. 74. What do you understand by “deferred revenue expenditure”? Give examples. 75. Give two differences between the following: – (i) Capital Receipts and Revenue Receipts, (ii) Capital losses and Revenue Losses, (iii)Capital Profits and Revenue Profits.
FINAL ACCOUNTS OF A SOLE TRADER-10
76. What is a trading account? State the objectives of preparing trading accounts. 77. Distinguish between Balance Sheet and Trial Balance. 78. Explain briefly Grouping and Marshalling of Balance Sheet. 79. Distinguish between liquidity preference and permanence preference. 80. Distinguish between Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss account. 81. What are fictitious assets? Give examples. 82. What are contingent liabilities? Give examples. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF NON-PROFIT ORGANISATIONS-11
83. Distinguish between Trading and Non-Trading concerns. 84. Why should Non-training Organisations maintain books of accounts? Name the accounts prepared by them. 85. “Both the Income and Expenditure Account and the Profit & Loss Account, indicate the profit or loss of an organisation, but are not the same.” Explain. 86. Distinguish between Receipts and Payments account and Income and Expenditure account. 87. Distinguish between Receipts and Payments account and Cash Book.
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF COST-12
88. What do you mean by cost? 89. What do you mean by cost centre? 90. What are Overheads? 91. Distinguish between direct costs and indirect costs. 92. Distinguish between Explicit costs and implicit costs. 93. What is “opportunity cost”? 94. Distinguish between the following–: (i) Fixed costs and variable costs. (ii) Real cost and money cost. (iii) Controllable and uncontrollable cost. (iv) Shut down costs and sunk costs. (v) Private cost and social cost. BUDGETS AND THEIR UTILITY-13
95. What is a Budget? Discuss any eight uses of a Budget to a business enterprise. 96. Distinguish between Budget and Forecast. 97. Distinguish between Fixed Budget (Static Budget) and a Flexible Budget (Sliding Scale Budget). 98. Distinguish between production and material budget. 99. Explain Sales Budget. 100. State two factors to be kept in mind while preparing the sales budget of an organisation. 101. What is a Master Budget? 102. Discuss limitations of Budgets. 3 103. How can the management of an organisation use the budgetary control system for planning and control? 104. Distinguish between cash budget and cash flow statements. 105. Distinguish between cash flow statement and fund flow statement.(out of syllabus)
BANKING-14
106. Distinguish between commercial bank and central bank. 107. Explain the following banks–: (i) Exchange banks. (ii) Indigenous banks. (iii) Industrial banks. (iv) Agricultural banks 108. Mention any two agency functions of commercial banks. 109. Explain the functions of central banks. 110. Distinguish between the following–: (i) Open cheque and crossed cheque. (ii) Bearer cheque and order cheque. (iii) Cheque and draft. 111. What is crossing of a cheque? What are the types of crossing? What is ‘Allonge’? 112. What do you mean by endorsement of negotiable instrument? State the essentials of a valid endorsement. 113. Distinguish between the following–: (i) Bill of Exchange and Cheque. (ii) Bill of exchange and Promissory Note. (iii) Debit Card and Credit Card. (iv) Inland Bills and Accommodation Bills. 114. What is a pay in slip book? 115. What is traveller’s cheque? 116. What is Kiosk Banking? Hint-It is A.T.M. 117. What are trade bills? 118. Distinguish the following–: (i) Postal Order and Money Order. (ii) Loan and Overdraft.
RECRUITMENT, SELECTION AND TRAINING-15
119. Define recruitment. 120. List sources of recruitment. 121. What advantages do external sources of recruitment have over internal sources? 122. Compare the merits and demerits of internal and external sources of recruitment. 123. Distinguish between recruitment and selection. 124. Mention steps in selection process. 125. Discuss the various types of tests and interviews as a part of the selection process. 126. How are recruitment and selection interlinked? 127. Explain two effects of faulty selection of employees. 128. A person is recruited in a training centre where the actual job conditions are stimulated. Name the training technique used. 129. Discuss any five techniques used by a company in the training of its employees. 130. Distinguish between training and education. 131. Discuss the methods of Training. 132. Explain the benefits of training. 133. List two main objectives of orientation training. 134. What is vestibule training? 135. What is ‘induction training’?
INDUSTRIAL RALATIONS AND TRADE UNIONS-16
136. What do you mean by Industrial relations? Explain their characteristics. 137. Mention two objectives of industrial relation. 138. Define a trade union. Describe any three features of it. 139. Define industrial disputes. 140. What are the causes of poor industrial relations? 141. Discuss the role of trade unions in a business organisation 142. Explain the following–: (i) Strikes (ii) Lockout (iii) Conciliation (iv) Arbitration (v) Adjudication 143. Explain the extra-mural function of trade unions. 144. Explain the problems of Trade Union in India. 145. Suggest Suitable measures that can be adopted to solve the problems of trade union of India. 146. Define the term social security. Distinguish between social insurance and social assistance. 147. Explain the following–: (i)Gratuity (Act 1972) (ii) Pension (Act 1971) (iii) Provident Fund scheme (Act 1952) (iv) Maternity Benefits (Act 1961). 148. Distinguish between Gratuity and Provident Fund. 149. List two benefits of group insurance to employees and employer. 150. State the benefits of the provident Fund Scheme? 151. Explain the benefits provided by the employers to the employees under the –: (a) Employee’s State Insurance Act. (b) The Maternity Benefits Act.
LOGISTICS AND INSURENCE-17
152. Define the term ‘logistics’. 153. List the features of logistics. 4 154. “Transport is the life blood of commerce.” Discuss and explain the importance of transport. 155. Discuss the three merits and two demerits of Road Transport. 156. Discuss the three merits and two demerits of Rail Transport. 157. Discuss the three merits and two demerits of Air Transport. 158. What factors should be taken into consideration in selecting a means of transport? 159. Define Warehouse. Discuss the functions of warehouses. 160. Describe the different types of warehouses. 161. Explain the documents used in transportation and warehousing. 162. What is meant by insurance? Explain the fundamental principles of insurance. (Utmost good faith, Insurable interest, indemnity, doctrine of subrogation, Contribution, Cause proxima, Mitigation of loss.) 163. Differentiate between insurable and non-insurable risks. 164. “Insurance is a method of spreading risk.” In the light of this, explain how insurance help in minimising business risks. 165. “Insurance is a contract of indemnity.” Explain.
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION-18
166. What do you mean by community participation? 167. List five principles of community development. 168. How community participation is helpful in economic development? 169. What is meant by community participation in ecological restoration? 170. Explain the following: -[i] Chipko Movement [ii] Beez Bachao Andolan [iii] Ralegan Siddhi 171. Discuss the role of public awareness in conserving the environment. Or why do the citizens act as environmental watchdogs?
ECO-FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGY-19
172. What is eco-friendly technology? Give its examples. 173. What do you mean by non-renewable or fund resources? 174. What are the advantages of using eco-friendly technology? 175. Discuss the judicious use of resources, keeping future in mind. 176. Suggest any five steps which a business organisation can take to improve the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES AND ETHICS-20
177. Why environmental education is necessary? 178. What is the importance of clean surrounding? 179. What are the 3R’s? Explain. Give one example of reusing of waste. 180. Why poly bags are considered harmful for the environment? 181. Why cloth bags should be used instead of plastic and paper? 182. What is paper recycling? Why it is important? 183. What are the advantages of organic manure over inorganic fertilizers? 184. What is Styrofoam? How is it used? ADDITIONAL NUMERICAL QUESTION-: From the following balances prepare Final Accounts as on 31st march. Debit balances Rs. Credit Balances Rs. Opening stock 45,000 Sundry Creditors 22,100 Purchases 1,20,000 Return Outwards 2,500 Return Inwards 3,200 Sales 3.50,000 Carriage inwards 2,400 Capital 2,00,000 Carriage Outwards 1,500 Loan from Bank 24,000 Office furniture 8,000 Discount Received 2,000 Sundry Debtors 68,000 Commission 1,600 Dock Charges 5,000 Electric power 10,000 Fuel, Gas and Water 12,000 Bad-Debts 1,100 Advertisement 25,000 Salary 36,000 Cash in Hand 8,100 Cash at Bank 30,000 Motor Vehicles 58,000 Motor Repairs 3,000 Interest on Bank Loan 2,400 Rent and Insurance 24,500 Business Premises 1,06,000 Household expenses 33,000 6,02,200 6,02,200 Stock at the end Rs. 75,000.

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