Plant layout planning involves arrangement of various facilities and services of the plant within the area of site. All the facilities like equipment, raw materials, machinery, tools, workers, etc., have to be placed at proper places.
There are four types of layouts: Process Layout, Product Layout, Combination layout, Fixed position layout.
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Process Layout
It is also known as ‘functional layout’.
The main feature of this type of layout is that similar machines or similar kinds of processes are kept in a grup in a department.
This type of layout is generally employed for industries engaged in job-order production and non-repetitive kinds of maintenance or manufacturing shows.
Store room, Inspection department, Broaching section, Milling section, Lathe section, Shaper section, painting section, packing section.
Product Layout
It is called ‘live layout’.
The main feature of this layout type is that various operations on raw material are performed in a sequence and machines are placed along the product flow line, i.e. machines are arranged in a sequence in which they would be used in the process of manufacturing of the product or group of related products.
Combination Layout
This type of layout is a combination of process and product layouts and hence combination of the advantages of both types of layouts.
A combination layout is also useful when a number of items are produced in same sequence but none of the items are produced in bulk and this no item justifies for an individual and independent product line.
Fixed Position Layout
In fixed position layout men, machines, equipment, material moved and position of the product remains same.
This type of layout is useful in ship building, air craft manufacturing and big units of fabrications like huge process equipment.
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